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A comprehensive framework for mitigating Iraq’s brain drain: integrating push-pull theory and SDGs to enhance talent retention
(Routledge, 2025) Al-Jaberi, Sarmad Muwafaq Thamer; Robina Ramírez, Rafael; Castellano Álvarez, Francisco Javier; Universidad de Extremadura. Departamento de Dirección de Empresas y Sociología; Universidad de Extremadura. Departamento de Economía
Iraq’s ongoing brain drain requires a comprehensive framework addressing the root causes of emigration. While the push-pull factor theory has been proposed as a way to mitigate talent loss in developing countries, existing research has overlooked the role of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in talent retention. This study highlights how SDGs, particularly in education, governance, and social equality, can reduce brain drain in Iraq by fostering stability and creating local opportunities. By integrating SDGs, the research encourages students to remain and contribute to their country’s development. The study emphasises the theoretical link between education and migration, advocating for more longitudinal and cross-national research to validate its findings. A preliminary study, involving interviews to 92 professors and 62 university students from Iraqi universities, led to a survey of 759 students across 22 universities. The goal was to analyse push-pull factors and identify SDGs crucial for addressing brain drain. Findings reveal that brain drain influences students’ personal, sociological, and professional well-being. Quality education and reduced inequalities are crucial in mitigating brain drain, while SDGs like decent work and peace show limited immediate effects. This research underscores that brain drain is a complex challenge that extends beyond economic incentives to include social and institutional dynamics.
Architectural heritage on GIS support. Knowledge and dissemination
(University of Ljubljana. Faculty of Architecture, 2014) Saumell Lladó, Juan; Álvarez Llorente, Luis Antonio; Salcedo Hernández, José Carlos; Universidad de Extremadura. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica; Universidad de Extremadura. Departamento de Construcción
There are so many literary and graphic resources available on the network that is impossible to get in touch with all of them. The free access to the computer sources, disseminated in different places and supports, facilitates an increasingly amount of information. This huge quantity of stuff does not correspond to its accuracy or precision. In reference to the graphic documentation of the architectonic heritage, something similar occurs. Nowadays we can have photographs or plans of any corner in the world, so we could rebuild in 3D the most visited highlights in our planet. This fact has been facilitated by the IT (Information Technologies), not only in the data collection by means of cameras or other devices as phones or tablets, but in its dissemination on the internet by means of webs and blogs. Two different lacks can also be found. On one hand, the source treatment from the data collection to the exhibition and on the other hand, its hierarchy or classification, so quality information can be reached. Both aims are proposed in this work. On one side, a systematic treatment of the documentation, being transferred to a unified database. On the other side, the exhibition, by means of a data basis in GIS support. As a sample the experience started in Caceres, declared World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1986, is shown. Achieving this objective was a fact, thanks to adding efforts, having arguments and agreements, which was clearly difficult to get.
Le radici del progetto. La rappresentazione dell’architettura. Ipotesi di una grammatica per una nuova semiologia applicata
(FrancoAngeli Open Access, 2022) Falcone, Eugenio María; Saumell Lladó, Juan; Universidad de Extremadura. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica
Trovare una “grammatica” nuova e non “adattata”, che sia esclusiva del linguaggio del disegno dell’architettura e del design o in ogni caso di ogni forma d’arte, questo è stato ed è tutt’oggi oggetto del dibattito di linguisti, ricercatori, studiosi e ovviamente di architetti, storici e designers oltre che “analisti” e critici delle arti figurative e in generale delle arti contemporanee e moderne. La ricerca parte dunque da una materia molto dibattuta e che sostanzialmente si orienta verso due tipologie che cercheremo di mettere in evidenza; l’una strutturalista, cioè considerare la semiotica come una dottrina o teoria dei segni, applicabile ad ogni “sistema segnico” e che approda ad un modello organico, fatto di elementi tra loro mutuati; l’altra, invece, una teoria semiotica applicata all’architettura intesa come sistema segnico, adatto a “comunicare un peculiare messaggio architettonico”. Pur mantenendo gli stessi punti di partenza, le soluzioni alla semantica/semiotica e all’analisi del suo mezzo caratteristico di “comunicazione” e cioè il disegno, ci consegnano delle stimolanti considerazioni utili a formulare un nuovo approccio di lettura linguistica utili ad elaborare una nuova grammatica base di lettura e per una nuova formulazione del progetto architettonico.
El desenlace del 23-F a través de la teoría de juegos.Una aplicación metodológica
(Universidad de Zaragoza, Departamento de Historia Moderna y Contemporánea, 2025) Pinilla García, Alfonso; Universidad de Extremadura. Departamento de Historia
El presente artículo analiza el desenlace del 23-F aplicando un método –las matrices de coacción– inspirado en la teoría de juegos. Desde esta nueva perspectiva se estudia la crisis que desencadenó el 23-F, las preferencias de sus principales actores y el resultado de la operación, apoyando todo lo expresado en fuentes primarias (principalmente las dos sentencias sobre el golpe, del Consejo Supremo de Justicia Militar y del Tribunal Supremo), así como en la bibliografía publicada sobre el acontecimiento. Este trabajo aporta un novedoso enfoque teórico y metodológico que subraya la importancia de la incertidumbre en la comprensión del pasado, pues, para entender lo que ocurrió, conviene explorar lo que pudo haber ocurrido. Las matrices de coacción ofrecen las posibles soluciones de una crisis y señalan aquellas que tienen más probabilidad de concretarse, atendiendo al grado de consenso que esas soluciones alcanzan entre los actores protagonistas de la crisis.