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Analysis of the progressive collapse of a parking garage concrete structure due to punching shear
(Elsevier, 2025) Pérez Díaz, José Antonio; Ríos Jiménez, José David; Sánchez González, Ana Estíbaliz; Ponce Torres, Alberto; Universidad de Extremadura. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Energética y de los Materiales; Universidad de Sevilla
This work aims to clarify the causes leading to the structural collapse of the garage of a residential development located in Santander, Spain, in 2020. Visual inspections of the collapsed area were carried out to establish the first hypotheses about the collapse. Subsequently, the materials, geometry and acting loads were studied to compare them with the original project. The main conclusion was that the slab was subjected, in the area where the collapse began, to gravity loads of 34 kN/m2 when it was designed to support 15 kN/m2. Then, structural verifications were performed in accordance with EHE-08 and Eurocode 2, in force during project design, to identify the failure mechanism(s) that caused the progressive collapse of the structure. Unacceptable safety factors were observed for punching shear, which was the main failure mechanism. Punching was aggravated by cavities detected in the concrete, which caused both a decrease in the slab strength (lower effective depth of the slab) and an increase in the stresses in the compression struts of about 20 % to 30 %, which considerably reduced the punching safety levels. This calculation was carried out by means of a finite element analysis with SAP2000. The assessment of this type of defect, very common during the execution phase, is not well developed either from a theoretical or regulatory point of view. This paper proposes, as a corrective measure, the inclusion both in the European and National Standards of a mandatory inspection procedure based on Ground Penetration Radar or ultrasounds, during the execution phase, to detect and correct this type of defect, not detectable by visual inspection. Finally, a bending and cracking analysis were also conducted, giving values of the corresponding safety factors of less than unity. Therefore, they also contributed to both the progressive loss of strength of the slabs and the final punching failure. These last two causes are also crucial to understand why the collapse occurred 15 years after its commissioning.
Análisis de las interacciones en el aula de un grupo de tercer ciclo de Educación Primaria
(Asociación INFAD, 2025) Canedo García, Alejandro; Universidad de León
En cualquier etapa de nuestras vidas, pero especialmente en la niñez, ser rechazado por quienes nos rodean supone un riesgo para el desarrollo psíquico. La escuela juega por tanto un papel fundamental en la prevención, detección e intervención sobre el rechazo. De este modo, para trabajar la cohesión dentro de un grupo de alumnos de 5º de educación primaria en un colegio de El Bierzo, empleamos el sociograma como instrumento para conocer con que compañeros los alumnos prefieren relacionarse en lo que se refiere al trabajo, el juego y la amistad. En los resultados se observa que coinciden elecciones tanto en el juego, como en el trabajo escolar, lo que nos da pie a estudiar este fenómeno y establecer posibles factores sociocognitivos, familiares y escolares asociados al mismo, en aras de mejorar la convivencia, y empatía dentro del grupo.
Experimental and numerical flexural–torsional performance of thin-walled open-ended steel vertical pile foundations subjected to lateral loads
(MDPI, 2023) Pérez Díaz, José Antonio; Reyes Rodríguez, Antonio Manuel; Sánchez González, Ana Estíbaliz; Ríos Jiménez, José David; Universidad de Extremadura. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Energética y de los Materiales; Universidad de Extremadura. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica
This research investigates the effects of torsional moments on the mechanical behavior of thin-walled open-ended vertical pile foundations subjected to lateral wind loads. The aim of this research is to determine and quantify the errors using traditional design methods and provide more effective alternatives. The warping and torsion effect generated over the piles due to the resultant lateral load impact outside the shear center is analyzed in field tests. Complementarily, a two-dimensional finite element model based on the simple bending stress–strain state, as well as a three-dimensional finite element model considering torsional effects, were implemented and their results analyzed. Finally, a comparative analysis between the in-field lateral loading tests and the finite element model approaches was established by comparing load–displacement curves and using a non-linear Wrinkle model of the soil. Additionally, correlations between the experimental and finite element model errors for the cross-sections pile with a different torsional constant and torsional susceptibility index are shown. From the results, it has been ascertained that the slender thin-walled open-ended pile foundations are particularly sensitive to small load deviations from their center of gravity; this leads to the fact that the slenderer the load and the greater its eccentricity, the more it affects the torsion and warping of the pile. Calculation methodologies usually consider a simple in-plane bending behavior, which leads to errors between 44 and 58% in comparison with the experimental results obtained.
Aproximación a la historia de vida a partir de un taller de formación con el alumnado de 1º de Grado de Educación Social
(Universidad de Barcelona, 2014) Moreno Fernández, Olga; Martín Bermúdez, Nieves; Universidad de Extremadura. Departamento de Ciencias de la Educación
Los esfuerzos realizados por adaptar los contenidos y las metodologías docentes al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES) se han centrado, entre otras cosas, en la formación por competencias; el diseño de evaluación continua; o metodologías para el aprendizaje activo, autónomo y participativo. En concreto, hemos considerado el uso del taller de formación para favorecer la construcción del conocimiento desde el aula, facilitando la puesta en práctica de contenidos teóricos. Esto nos ha permitido transformar la metodología de una asignatura eminentemente teórica en otra en la que el alumnado participa construyendo el contenido a través del inicio a la investigación; utilizando la técnica de la historia de vida. Presentamos en este artículo el proceso y resultado de la experiencia con alumnado del Grado de Educación Social, de la Universidad Pablo de Olavide (Sevilla), durante dos cursos académicos. El trabajo pone de manifiesto un alto consenso sobre la importancia de integrar la utilización del taller didáctico en las aulas.
Analysis of the Effect of Injuries on Match Performance Variables in Professional Soccer Players: A Retrospective, Experimental Longitudinal Design
(Springer Nature, 2022) Raya González, Javier; Pulido González, Juan José; Beato, Marco; Ponce Bordón, José Carlos; López del Campo, Roberto; Resta Serra, Ricardo; García Calvo, Tomás; Universidad Isabel I de Castilla. Burgos
; Universidad de Extremadura. Departamento de Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y Corporal; University of Suffolk. UK
Background:
Knowing the impact of injuries is essential for their adequate management during reconditioning programs.
Objective:
This study aimed to analyze the changes in match performance parameters in professional soccer players after sustaining an injury, which was defined according to injury severity.
Methods:
Two-hundred and seven injuries related to one hundred and sixty-one professional soccer players from the Spanish LaLiga™ were considered for this study. All the injuries were classified according to their severity as minor (from 4 to 7 missed days), moderate (from 8 to 28 missed days), and major (more than 28 missed days). Through Mediacoach® videotracking system, time and external demand variables were collected and subsequently compared between pre-injury and return to play periods. The analyzed variables were (in m min−1): relative distance covered (RD; total distance covered·min−1), distance covered walking (0–6 km h−1), distance covered jogging (6–12 km h−1), distance covered running (12–18 km h−1), distance covered at intense running (18–21 km h−1), distance covered at high-speed running (21–24 km h−1), and sprinting (> 24 km h−1) distance covered.
Results:
Significant reductions in playing time after suffering moderate and major injuries were observed. Significant reductions after minor injuries were observed in jogging (> 6 km h−1) and running (6–12 km h−1), while significantly greater distances at intense running (18–21 km h−1) and high-speed running (21–24 km h−1) were covered by players who suffer major injuries. Finally, relevant decreases in the maximum speed achieved after moderate and major injuries were found.
Conclusions:
In conclusion, this study shows the importance of high loads during reconditioning programs, as well as implementing strategies that allow reaching levels of maximum speed values after the return to play.