Percepción de salud, de soledad, de felicidad e imagen corporal según el tipo de desayuno durante el confinamiento a causa de la Covid-19

Abstract

El objetivo fue determinar la relación entre la percepción de salud, de soledad, de felicidad e imagen corporal según el tipo de desayuno durante el estado de alarma decretado por la COVID-19 en escolares de primaria. Para ello, se diseñó un estudio descriptivo transversal compuesto con una muestra de 116 escolares españoles. La percepción de salud, de soledad, de felicidad e imagen corporal se valoraron mediante cuatro ítems del cuestionario Health Behavior in School-aged Children. Los ítems referidos al desayuno fueron extraídos del cuestionario Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in children and adolescents. Tras el análisis inferencial, se observó que desayunar un cereal o derivado si se asocia con una mayor percepción de salud (OR = 1,45; p = 0.021), de felicidad (OR = 1,57; p = 0.002), imagen corporal (OR = 1,70; p = 0.006), y menor percepción de soledad (OR = 1,74; p = 0.002). Esta asociación se mantuvo tras ser ajustada a la imagen corporal a excepción de la percepción de salud (OR = 1,53; p = 0.156). En conclusión, desayunar un cereal o derivado puede estar relacionado con una mayor percepción de salud, de felicidad, imagen corporal, y menor percepción de soledad en escolares de Educación Primaria.

The aim was to determine the relationship between the perception of health, loneliness, happiness and body image according to the type of breakfast during the state of alarm decreed by the COVID-19 in primary schoolchildren. For this purpose, a descriptive cross-sectional study was designed with a sample of 116 Spanish schoolchildren. Perceptions of health, loneliness, happiness and body image were assessed using four items from the Health Behavior in School-aged Children questionnaire. The items referring to breakfast were extracted from the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in children and adolescents questionnaire. After inferential analysis, it was observed that eating a cereal or derivative for breakfast was associated with a higher perception of health (OR = 1.45; p = 0.021), happiness (OR = 1.57; p = 0.002), body image (OR = 1.70; p = 0.006), and lower perception of loneliness (OR = 1.74; p = 0.002). This association was maintained after adjustment for body image with the exception of health perception (OR = 1.53, p = 0.156). In conclusion, eating a cereal or derivative for breakfast may be related to a higher perception of health, happiness, body image, and lower perception of loneliness in primary school children.